A third explanation of the variations may be due to difference in sampling. The essay plans are broken down into A01 and A02 criteria. The first version stated that increased dopamine activity was the cause of schizophrenia and noted that the D2 receptor was the most significant in . Psychological Theories Psychodynamic - Fronted by Freud (1924), proposed schizophrenia is the result of: Regression to a pre-ego stage. Automatically reference everything correctly with CiteThisForMe. You might stay totally still and mute. This interepratation could be because in Greek the name translates as skhizen (to split) and phren . Schizophrenia is one of the more common mental disorders. The biological explanation is deterministic if it claims that schizophrenia is inevitable in people with the wrong genes. Evidence for the dopamine hypothesis:. Interactionist approaches attempt to explain schizophrenia as a combination of nature (biological) and nurture (environmental) factors. One of these is an impairment in the ability to correctly interpret and predict the mental states of other people, so-called theory of mind (ToM). She argued that this type of Mother would send mixed messages to the child. Season of birth. Evaluation: (8 marks) A 8-mark "evaluate" question awards 4 marks for describing biological treatments (AO1) and 4 marks for evaluating them, including a comparison (AO2). Genetic Explanations of OCD: 1. Last updated 22 Mar 2021 The biological approach attempts to explain behaviour as the direct product of interactions within the body. 7. From the above discussion, it is evident that research has proved that NRG 1 in one of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and is a gene in the brain glutamine system (Savonenko, Melnikova, Laird, Stewart et al., 2008). Evaluate these four explanations. Abstract. Genetic factors Biochemical Factors Brain dysfunction Viral Infection Genetic factors Family Studies: Biological . In the northern hemisphere there is reasonably consistent evidence for a 5-8% excess of births in winter and spring of children who later develop schizophrenia (Reference Bradbury and Miller Bradbury & Miller, 1985).Initially thought to be an artefact (the earlier in a given year they are born, the older individuals will be), this finding has survived rigorous corrections . Gottesman showed that the concordance rates increase when you share more genes which the schizophrenic family member. 10 The funding of the recovery after an initial schizophrenia episode (RAISE) 11 project by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was a major recognition of the potential importance of demonstrating the effects of enhanced and . Page 1. B There is a correlation between brain structure and function and symptoms of schizophrenia. EVALUATION: This is a problem because the biological approach to explaining OCD can be seen to be too simplistic . 1) Both parents = 46% risk 2) One schizophrenic parent = 16% risk 3) If a sibling has schizophrenia = 8% risk 4) If a grandparent has schizophrenia = 5% risk 5) If the identical twin of one parent has schizophrenia = 17% risk. Note: AS level topics are in bold, whereas A level topics are not. For example, if schizophrenia is explained in terms of neurotransmitters, this You need a conclusion to get a mark in the top band . Issues and options in psychology. The biological approach assumes that schizophrenia has an organic cause, though this doesn't deny the role of psychological factors in the onset of the disorder. Discuss biological explanations of schizophrenia. Biological Explanation of Schizophrenia Lesson Objectives By the end of the lesson you will be able to: Describe the four biological explanations of schizophrenia. If this filtering process doesn't happen, there will be sensory overload. 03-4125-10230-01 Instant Download 03-4125-10230-01 £2.50 Add to cart Download a free sample Details License One biological explanation is that schizophrenia is inherited/passed on through genes; Twin studies are used to investigate relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of schizophrenia - if there are purely genetic influences then a 100% concordance rate with monozygotic twins is expected, and 50% with dizygotic twins 2 6 Briefly outline one psychological explanation for obesity. Essay: Describe and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia. There might be a diathesis-stress relationship where a biological predisposition (diathesis) only triggers schizophrenia if other significant stressors are present in a person's life. The new name for this condition is . Outline and Evaluate One Biological Therapy for Schizophrenia (12 marks). However, others would argue that by breaking down complex human behaviour into such simple component parts, complex interactions can be lost or ignored, not really explaining the complexity of human behaviour. 8 IB/G/Jun18/7182/3 Topic: Eating behaviour . Biological psychology, also called physiological psychology, is the study of the biology of behavior; it focuses on the nervous system, hormones and genetics. Discuss explanations of sleep-walking (8+16 marks) Schizophrenia. For example, certain symptoms of schizophrenia are due to an excess of dopamine levels in a certain part of the brain. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are two of the most serious disorders. These studies have been sourced via several sources including the AQA second-year psychology textbook (found on the illuminate publishing website). A modern definition of stress in the diathesis-stress model includes anything that risks triggering schizophrenia. 16-marker plans Biological Approach Outline Genes, dopamine hypothesis, neural correlates Candidate genes, polygenic, 108 combinations (Ripke), twin studies (Gottesman) Hyper/hypodopaminergia, subcortex and cortex Low activity in ventral striatum, low activity in superior temporal gyrus Evaluate Difficult to identify cause (CGs) so . Preconscious thought (thought that occurs without awareness) contains a huge amount of information from our senses that would normally be filtered. Schizophrenia is caused by too much dopamine at certain synapses in the brain. The impaired integrative function of the brain, as well as the domain-specific cognitive deficits, increases the vulnerability to aversive life experiences, which lead to . Write A, B, C, or D in your answer book. Current treatments for schizophrenia are divided into drug treatments, psychological and social management and electroconvulsive therapy. It is more commonly found in men, more common in urban environments, and more common in working-class populations. [2 marks] 2 7 Outline one strength of the explanation you have given in your answer to Question 26. It only shows that these people have a predisposition (an increased risk). Which hypothesis is the most popular biochemical theory relating to schizophrenia? The disorder tends to run in families, with the risk of developing being higher when you have family member with schizophrenia, compared to those who do not. Short video looking at biological explanations for schizophrenia. Biological Approach to Depression The biological approach is based on the idea that depression has a physical or organic cause. Kety found that biological siblings of children with schizophrenia showed a much higher percentage of schizophrenia. Schizophrenics show an excess amount of dopamine activity in the synapses between brain neurones. If Psych Boost is helping in your studies, I'm also making A-level psych perks for patrons! One aspect of the biological explanation of schizophrenia suggests that the illness is transmitted from parents to their children via genes. Research suggests that there is a correlation between individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and delinquency and/or criminal behavior. Discuss explanations of sleep-walking (8+16 marks) Schizophrenia. [2 marks] A psychologist investigated perception of foods in two . Diathesis-stress model: Meehl (1962) originally proposed that both a vulnerability to schizophrenia and a stress-trigger are necessary in order to develop the condition. ; Family studies cannot rule out an environmental explanation . A nationwide Finnish sample of schizophrenic mothers' offspring given up for adoption has been compared blindly with matched controls; i.e., adopted-away offspring of non-schizophrenic biologic parents. Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and/or diagnosis of schizophrenia (8+16 marks) Discuss two or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8+16 marks) Discuss two or more psychological explanations of schizophrenia (8+16 marks) 16-marker plans Biological Approach Outline Genes, dopamine hypothesis, neural correlates Candidate genes, polygenic, 108 combinations (Ripke), twin studies (Gottesman) Hyper/hypodopaminergia, subcortex and cortex Low activity in ventral striatum, low activity in superior temporal gyrus Evaluate Difficult to identify cause (CGs) so . Recent research had looked into cannabis abuse as a trigger, in the diathesis-stress model cannabis would be a stressor as it increasing the risk of schizophrenia up to 7 times. 9. Mammals need to expend energy to maintain constant body temperature, animals with high metabolic rates need to expend more energy (e.g. Psychological explanations are so named because they arise from major psychological perspectives, or thought socio-cultural factors, in that they stress the role of social and family relationships in the development of schizophrenia. All subjects had been separated from their . This saves a lot of time you may spend searching for information and studies to fulfil AO1, AO2 and AO3 criteria. This twin study was carried out by Irving Gottesman (left) and James Shields in the 1960s. There are ample studies around but problems with some of the research in this area such as supporting research . The second major psychological theory is behaviorism. It could be that there is too much dopamine or that the receptors are too sensitive. The entire issues and options in psychology module . Below are links to A level psychology revision notes organised by module and topic. The biological treatment is drug therapy (sometimes called pharmacotherapy or chemotherapy) The psychological treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) Family Studies: OCD is not solely caused by genes, as the concordance rate in identical twins is not 100%.The most likely explanation for this is diathesis-stress: genes can cause a biological vulnerability (diathesis), but other factors, such as life experiences, affect whether OCD actually develops. A quarter of people with schizophrenia suffer one episode but then recover; another quarter do not recover and . pyschology approaches Flashcard Maker: Anna joya. However, it has been revised and added to multiple times, as scientific advancements have been made. The psychodynamic explanations: family systems theory devised by Fromm-Reichmann says that Schizophrenia (Sz)is caused by Schizophrenogenic Mothers. Summary - Cognitive explanations for schizophrenia. AO1: Ability to outline and describe enough information/theory about the topic in order to get full marks (4). Heston (1996) Heston (1966) Aim: Study was to see whether schizophrenia has a genetic predisposition (a liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition) Method: Participants were 50 adoptees who biological mothers had Sz compared to 47 adoptees whose mothers had not been diagnosed with Sz. AO2: Ability to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the AO1 content, whether it be a therapy, theory or . You will need to be able to compare this with a psychological treatment. 122 experts online. It has been found that a person has a 1% greater chance of developing the schizophrenia if they have a family relative suffering schizophrenia. Lesson One (Ms Rose) - AO3 Comparing the cognitive and Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia . The families have been investigated thoroughly by joint and individual interviews and psychologic … Includes the role of genes and neural correlates (the dopamine hypothesis). However, the diathesis-stress model doesn't claim this. Complete the tutor2U worksheet summarizing the Psychological explanations for schizophrenia. Video: Smoking Cannabis Damages Brain for LIFE 7th February 2017. A number of factors have been proposed as being linked to schizophrenia: genetic, psychological, endocrinological, metabolic, environmental, virological, and auto-immunological factors, as well as neurotransmitter systems and structural disorders of the brain. A theoretical analysis of schizophrenia based on a cognitive model integrates the complex interaction of predisposing neurobiological, environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors with the diverse symptomatology. What does the hypothesis suggest? It was a key piece of research that established that there is a genetic component to the mental illness schizophrenia. Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and/or diagnosis of schizophrenia (8+16 marks) Discuss two or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8+16 marks) Discuss two or more psychological explanations of schizophrenia (8+16 marks) Summary Essay Plan - "Outline and evaluate two or more psychological explanations of schizophrenia". In many brain areas, dopamine inhibits glutamate release, or glutamate excites neurons that dopamine inhibits [49]. Summary - Cbt as a way of treatring schizophrenia. As previously . It involves genetic and brain chemistry in explaining schizophrenia. One adaptive function is that it helps to conserve energy. 8. AO1 - Conserve energy The evolutionary explanation suggests that sleep serves numerous adaptive functions. This can include theories, therapies, or research. (0) £2.99. In your evaluation you should refer to research evidence. Biological: Biological structures and processes can, ultimately, be the explanation for all behaviours. Ripke et al (2014) found 108 genetic variations associated with schizophrenia. Diathesis-stress model: Meehl (1962) originally proposed that both a vulnerability to schizophrenia and a stress-trigger are necessary in order to develop the condition. Catatonic schizophrenia affects the way you move in extreme ways. Psychology Matt B. Hooper 08/03/15 Discuss biological explanations for schizophrenia (8+16 marks) The main biological theory for the cause of schizophrenia is the effect of excess dopamine in the brain. The AQA psychology A level syllabus is divided into three modules: Introductory topics. Save your work forever, build multiple bibliographies, run plagiarism checks, and much more. 1 9 Which of the following best describes neural correlates as an explanation for schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a mental illness that usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, but it can occur at any time in life. Frith's (1992) neuropsychological theory of schizophrenia posits a number of fundamental cognitive impairments underpinning the characteristic symptoms of this disorder. There are two types of twins - identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic). All twin studies found a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic (MZ) than dizygotic (DZ) twins. Biological explanations for schizophrenia • Gottesman found that there is a 48% concordance rate for schizophrenia in identical monozygotic twins •Candidate genes -In a genome wide study by Ripke et al (2014) they found that there are 108 separate genetic variations responsible for developing schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder which occurs in around 1% of the population. the parent's where unloving), which would lead the individual to regress to a stage before ego . Using your knowledge of one mental disorder other than schizophrenia, assess how understand biological explanations of its causes may help with treatment for the disorder. This may have happened if the schizophrenic's world was harsh (e.g. AO1: Ability to outline and describe enough information/theory about the topic in order to get full marks (4). Gottesman reports that while the rate of schizophrenia in the general population is 1%, if one parent has schizophrenia there is a 12% likelihood their child will develop it and if both parents have schizophrenia, it increases to 40%. The main biochemical explanation for schizophrenia is the dopamine hypothesis. AO1 - Genetic factors. Meehl suggested that the vulnerability . This idea is based on the role of chemical messengers between nerve cells called neurotransmitters. Q&A from AQA: 16 Mark Questions for Psychological Treatments of Schizophrenia 2nd February 2017. The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia is centered on a deficiency in activity of glutamate at the glutamate synapse, especially in the prefrontal cortex [48,49]. Lesson Two - Leavers (amended) The 2020 A-Level . The biological explanation of schizophrenia explains that schizophrenia has an organic cause although it does not deny the importance of other school of thoughts yet it provides an explanation for its causes. Summary - Family theraphy as a way of treatring schizophrenia. Summary - Family dysfunctin as an explanation for schizophrenia. These can be genetic, neuroanatomical, biochemical, viral combination of such factors'. explanation using family studies. Many people perceive Schzophenia (sz) as a personality disorder relating to a split personality. One biological explanation for schizophrenia is that it is passed on through the genes. [16 marks] Section C continues on the next page . This can include theories, therapies, or research. 2 5 Discuss one or more biological explanations for schizophrenia.

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